Bacterial Manipulation of the Integrated Stress Response: A New Perspective on Infection

Host immune activation forms a vital line of defence against bacterial pathogenicity. However, just as hosts have evolved responses, bacteria developed means to escape, hijack and subvert these responses promote survival. In recent years, highly conserved group signalling cascades within the host, collectively termed integrated stress response (ISR), become increasingly implicated in during infection. Activation ISR leads complex web cellular reprogramming, which ultimately results paradoxical outcomes either homeostasis or cell death. Therefore, any pathogen with manipulate this pathway could induce range benefit from favourable conditions for long-term survival replication. This review aims outline what is currently known about manipulation present key hypotheses highlighting areas future research.